翻译专业资格(CATTI) (8)
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Family planning and environmental protection are China’s basic state policies and vital to improving the quality of people’s lives. We should concentrate our efforts on the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population so as to control population growth. We should improve prenatal and postnatal care and foster physical fitness among the population.We must tighten control over and protection of arable land, water, forests, grasslands, and mineral, sea and biological resources. We should institute a system of paid use of natural resources to ensure economical and rational uses. We should strictly deal with and control pollution and speed up pollution treatment in major regions and river valley. We should publish standards for monitoring environmental quality in large cities.A country with a large population, relative insufficiency of natural resources and an expanding economy, China suffers an increasingly significant disparity between economic development on the one hand and natural resources and the environment on the other. It poses problems if we continue to maintain a merely quantitative and crude mode of development in our economic growth. We, therefore, must correctly handle the relationships between economic development on the one hand, and population growth, natural resources consumption and the environmental protection on the other. We should exploit our natural resources more rationally and make use of them in an integrated manner. We should do our best to protect and improve our ecological environment, so as to ensure that our economic development will not only meet the current needs of this generation, but benefit future generations.
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In retrospect, profound changes and tremendous progress have taken place in East Asia. Looking ahead, we can say with full confidence that relatively sound conditions exist for East Asia to raise its economic and social development to a new level.It has become the shared understanding of East Asian countries to maintain regional peace and stability, develop the economy, science and technology, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and promote common prosperity. East Asian countries are committed to the development of their relations on the basis of mutual respect, treating one another as equals and non-interference in one another’s internal affairs and properly addressing some existing differences through friendly consultations. With political stability, East Asian countries enjoy good relations among themselves. This has provided an important prerequisite for the sustained economic growth of East Asian countries and the development of their economic cooperation.East Asian countries have built up significant economic strength. Some have entered the developed stage, others have joined the rank of newly industrialized nations, and still others have embarked on the road of rapid growth. Endowed with rich human and natural resources, countries in this region have formulated their development strategies in light of their actual conditions, constantly readjusted their industrial structure, effected shifts in modes of growth, promoted scientific and technological progress, and strengthened external economic exchanges. All this has provided a broad scope for East Asian countries to engage in economic cooperation.Through their long histories, the peoples of East Asian countries have created their own fine cultural traditions. These cultural traditions attach great value to social communities uphold such virtues as self-strengthening arduous effort, industriousness, frugality modesty and eagerness to learn. They stress harmony in handling human relations and stand for peaceful coexistence in international relations. These cultural conditions constitute valuable spiritual legacy. As long as East Asian countries keep up with the trend of the times and carry forward and apply those cultural traditions and wisdom with oriental features in light of their actual national conditions while vigorously absorbing all fruits of human progress and civilization, the development of economic cooperation in East Asia will be further boosted by these spiritual motivations.All in all, East Asia in today’s world is a force that cannot be ignored politically, economically, culturally or geographically. The prospect for East Asia’s economic development is promising.Of course, while fully recognizing the economic achievements in East Asia, we must also look squarely into the difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead. For instance East Asian countries suffer, to varying degrees, from untenable economic structures, flawed financial systems, crude modes of growth, backward infrastructures and the enormous pressures brought about by over-population and the increasing need for environmental controls. These problems need to be addressed seriously and resolved effectively.Southeast Asia’s recent financial crisis has taught people a profound lesson. Normal functioning of the financial system is crucial to overall economic stability and development. To maintain a sound and stable financial order in a closely intertwined global economy, it is imperative for countries to work to improve there financial system, policies and supervision, to strengthen both regional and international financial cooperation and jointly ward off excessive speculation by international hot money. Only by doing so can we effectively maintain the international financial order.We believe that as long as we work together, the peoples of East Asia will certainly build a better future in the new century.
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坚持人与自然和谐发展，着力治理环境污染，生态文明建设取得明显成效。树立绿水青山就是金山银山理念，以前所未有的决心和力度加强生态环境保护。重拳整治大气污染，重点地区细颗粒物（PM2.5)平均浓度下降30%以上。加强散煤治理，推进重点行业节能减排……优化能源结构，煤炭消费比重下降8.1个百分点，清洁能源消费比重提高6.3个百分点。……推进重大生态保护和修复工程，扩大退耕还林还草还湿，加强荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理。……推进污染防治取得更大成效。巩固蓝天保卫战成果，今年二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量要下降3%，重点地区细颗粒物（PM2.5)浓度继续下降。……提高污染排放标准，实行限期达标。……深入推进水、土壤污染防治，今年化学需氧量、氨氮排放量要下降2%。实施重点流域和海域综合治理，全面整治黑臭水体。……我们要携手行动，建设天蓝、地绿、水清的美丽中国。
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天柱县位于贵州省东部，是川渝黔通两广、江浙的重要门户，素有“黔东第一关” “中国重晶石之乡” “贵州高原黄金县”之称。天柱县总面积2201平方千米，辖16个乡镇326个行政村，总人口 41万余人，以侗、苗族为主的少数民族人口占98.3%，是贵州省少数民族比例最多的县份之一。天柱蕴藏着丰富的自然资源，气候温和，土壤肥沃，是贵州重要粮食生产基地，享有“黔东粮仓”的美誉。当地年产烟叶2.6万担（一担=50公斤),是中国烟叶主产区。这里林业资源丰富，森林面积达185万亩（一亩=U15公顷)，覆盖率达56%，是贵州十大林业基地县之一。重晶石、黄金、煤等矿产资源也十分丰富。天柱乘西部大开发的东风，迅速崛起。全县国民经济稳步发展,综合实力日益增长，人民生活水平不断提高，产业结构调整日趋优化，基础设施建设加强，城镇面貌日新月异。“生态环境优美，文化教育优越，综合服务优化，人居条件优良，经济充满活力”的新天柱呈现在世人面前。
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能源安全同世界经济的稳定发展和各国人民的福祉息息相关。当前，全球能源图出现重大变化，页岩气等非常规油气异军突起，美国和西半球成为能源重要供应地。由于受国际经济金融环境影响，国际油价起伏不定，其未来存在较多不确定性。发展中国家缺乏能源定价权，确保能源长期稳定供应面临越来越多的挑战。国际社会应树立互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观，共同稳定能源等大宗商品价格、防止过度投机，保障各国特别是发展中国家能源需求，维护能源市场正常秩序。同时，各国应改善能源结构，加强先进能源技术的研发和推广，大力发展清洁和可再生能源，在相关领域积极开展国际合作。中国政府高度重视能源和能源安全问题，坚持节约优先、立足国内、多元发展、保护环境的原则。中国将积极推动能源生产和消费革命，控制能源消费总量，加强节能降耗，支持节能低碳产业和新能源、可再生能源发展。中国愿与世界各国一道共同努力，建立起能源合作长效机制，为保障全球能源安全、应对气候变化做出应有的贡献。
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在这个百年变局中，中国当然也会遇到各种新的挑战和新的风险。然而，中国外交就像一艘在大海中航行的巨轮，不为任何迷雾所惑，不被一切风浪所阻，稳健而又坚定地沿着自己确定的方向劈波斩浪、砥砺前行。我们的定力和自信，来自于党的坚强正确领导。.......第一个关键词是开放。扩大开放，是2018年中国外交一以贯之的旋律。今年是中国改革开放40周年。在深化改革的基础上，进一步扩大开放，是今年中国高高举起的一面旗帜。第二个关键词是合作。合作共赢，是2018年中国外交最为突出的亮点。共建带一路”的国际合作今年踏上新的征程。.......第三个关键词是稳进。稳中求进，是2018年中国外交努力实现的目标。面对复杂纷纭的国际和地区形势，我们冷静应对，积极作为，不仅保持了同主要大国关系的总体稳定，同周边国家关系也实现了全面改善和发展。.......第四个关键词是引领。引领潮流，是2018年中国外交心系天下的情怀。当前，国际体系变革面临关键时刻，世界经济前行站在十字路口，面对各国出现的分歧、迷茫和忧虑，中国顺应时代发展的潮流，积极推动“两个构建”，推动全球治理体系朝着更加公正合理的方向发展，成为世界乱象中的中流砥柱。
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中华民族历经磨难、自强不息，从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是近代以来中华民族的夙愿。在新的历史时期，中国梦的本质是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。……实现中国梦，必须坚持中国特色社会主义道路。我们已经在这条道路上走了 30多年，历史证明，这是一条符合中国国情、富民强国的正确道路，我们将坚定不移地沿着这条道路走下去。实现中国梦，必须弘扬中国精神。用以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神振奋起全民族的“精气神”。实现中国梦，必须凝聚中国力量。空谈误国、实干兴邦。我们要用13亿中国人的智慧和力量，一代又一代中国人不懈努力，把我们的国家建设好，把我们的民族发展好。实现中国梦，必须坚持和平发展。我们将始终不渝走和平发展道路，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，不仅致力于中国自身发展，也强调对世界的责任和贡献；不仅造福中国人民，而且造福世界人民。实现中国梦给世界带来的是和平，不是动荡;是机遇，不是威胁。
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……当前，信息技术、生命科学、智能制造、绿色能源等前沿领域不断突破，新材料、新产品、新业态迭代周期不断缩短。大数据、3D打印、人工智能，这些曾经的科学幻想，如今己经融入人们的衣食住行用，未来已经来到我们身边。新科技革命和产业变革是一次全方位变革，将对人类生产模式、生活方式、价值理念产生深刻影响。公平和效率、资本和劳动、技术和就业的关系成为国际社会的共同课题，处理不当将导致南北贫富差距进一步拉大。我们应该审时度势、科学决策，引领新科技革命和产业变革朝着正确方向发展。服务人民是科技创新的本质要求，各国都有权通过自身努力和国际合作从科技创新中受益。科技创新成果不应该被封锁起来，不应该成为只为少数人牟利的工具。设立知识产权制度的目的是保护和激励创新，而不是制造甚至扩大科技鸿沟。我们应该共同探讨建立面向新科技革命和产业变革的政策制度体系，营造国际合作环境，让科技创新成果为更多国家和人民所及、所享、所用。
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在人类发展进步的壮阔征程上，中国与世界各国结伴前行。今年是中国改革开放40周年。40年来，我们历经风雨，砥砺前行，走出了一条中国特色社会主义道路。这条道路，给中国带来了翻天覆地的变化。40年来，7亿多人口摆脱绝对贫困， 占同期全球减贫人口总数的70%以上。建立覆盖13.5亿人口的基本医疗保险和9亿多人口的社会养老保险制度，为人类发展进步作出了我们的贡献。中国高速铁路已达2.5万公里，占世界高铁总里程三分之二，带动全球基础设施建设迈上新水平。根据国际权威机构民调，在世界各国中，中国民众对国家发展成就的满意度和对发展前景的信心始终名列第一。这条道路，向世界分享了共同发展的机遇。40年来，中国对外贸易额年均增长14.5%,为世界经济注入持久动力，提供了巨大市场。我们有信心继续保持经济向好势头，努力实现高质量发展，加快建设现代化经济体系，给世界创造更多贸易机会，为各国提供更好投资环境。中国决不会封闭倒退，开放的大门只会越开越大。中国也不会高筑壁垒，准入的门槛只会越降越低。…
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19世纪末，德国地理学家斐迪南·冯·里希霍芬（FerdinandvonRichthofen)首次提出了 “丝绸之路”的名称。在整个人类文明史上，迄今为止，还没有一种以具体日用物品命名的事物，会在长达一个世纪的时间里，在东西方引起如此广泛而深远的影响。然而重新审视这条道路在文明史上的表现，丝绸贸易并非是其唯一内容，并且这一名称也无法准确概括当时东西方文明交融的全部内容。就我们今天所能了解的情形看，除了丝绸之外，当时通过这条道路交流的还有各种香料、纸张、瓷器等。这些在今天看来十分普通的物品，在当时却代表了某一文明形态的最高成就。除这些物品之外，宗教思想和文化观念，也通过这条道路不断得以传播。由此可见，“丝绸之路”并不能完全概括这条道路的丰富文化内涵。丝绸的运输也不仅仅纯粹是一种物品的交流，而是有着深刻的文化意蕴。事实上，绵长的丝绸之路，由于其独特的地理位置和环境，华夏文明史上每一次文明的迁徙与文化的传播，都在这里留下了鲜明的印记与积淀。
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As digital technologies and automation have advanced,fears about workers" futures have increased. But, the end result does not have to be negative. The key is education.Already, robots are taking over a growing number of routine and repetitive tasks, putting workers in some sectors under serious pressure. In South Korea, which has the world’s highest density of industrial robots — 631 per 10,000 workers — manufacturing employment is declining, and youth unemployment is high. In the United States, the increased use of robots has, according to a 2017 study, hurt employment and wages.But while technological progress undoubtedly destroys jobs, it also creates them. The invention of motor vehicles largely wiped out jobs building or operating horse-drawn carriages, but generated millions more not just in automobile factories, but also in related sectors like road construction.The challenge today lies in the fact that the production and use of increasingly advanced technologies demand new, often higher-level skills, which cannot simply be picked up on the job. Given this, countries need to ensure that all of their residents have access to high-quality education and training programs that meet the needs of the labor market. The outcome of the race between technology and education will determine whether the opportunities presented by major innovations are seized, and whether the benefits of progress are widely shared.In a report by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), 66% of executives surveyed were dissatisfied with the skill level of young employees, and 52% said a skills gap was an obstacle to their firm’s performance. Meanwhile, according to a survey，21% of workers reported feeling over-educated for their jobs.This suggests that formal education is teaching workers the wrong things, and that deep reform is essential to facilitate the development of digital knowledge and technical skills, as well as non-routine cognitive and non-cognitive (or “soft”) skills. This includes the “four Cs of twenty_first century learning”（critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and communication) — areas where humans retain a considerable advantage over artificially intelligent machines.The process must begin during primary education, because only with a strong foundation can people take full advantage of later education and training. And in the economy of the future，that training will never really end. Given rapid technological progress, improved opportunities for effective lifelong learning will be needed to enable workers to upgrade their skills continuously or learn new ones. At all levels of education, curricula should be made more flexible and responsive to changing technologies and market demands.One potential barrier to this approach is a dearth of well-trained teachers. Building a quality teaching force will require both monetary and non-monetary incentives for teachers and higher investment in their professional development.This includes ensuring that teachers have the tools they need to take full advantage of information and communication technology (ICT), which is not being used widely, despite its potential to ensure broad access to lifelong learning through formal and informal channels.ICT can also help to address shortages of qualified teachers and other educational resources by providing access across long distances, via online learning platforms. For example, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s OpenCourseWare enables students around the world to reach some of the worlds foremost teachers.This points to the broader value of international cooperation. The education challenges raised by advancing technologies affect everyone, so countries should work together to address them, including through exchanges of students and teachers and construction and upgrading of ICT infrastructure.The artificial intelligence revolution will be hugely disruptive, but it will not make humans obsolete. With revamped education systems, we can ensure that technological progress makes all of our lives more hopeful，fulfilling, and prosperous.
US enrollment of international students declined for the second year in a row，sending waves of unease across American colleges and universities, which see students from abroad as a buffer against the falling number of US high-school students graduating each year.The number of new international students enrolling at American institutions fell by 6.6 percent during the 2017-18 academic year, on top of a 3.3 percent decline the year before, according to a report by the Institute of International Education.The drop takes the number of new students back to the level seen three or four years ago. At the University of Central Missouri, foreign enrollment surged to 2,600 in 2016 before plummeting to just 650 this year. At Purdue University, one of the nation"s biggest hubs for international students, total foreign enrollment fell by 2 percent this year.Meanwhile, the total number of international students in the US plus those working here on a student visa rose by just 1.5 percent this year. That was down from average annual growth of 6.1 percent over the past decade, a period during which enrollment of international students doubled.Similar to previous years, the largest numbers of students came from China, India and South Korea, which together made up 56.1 percent of all international students.The US is also losing students to English-speaking countries such as Canada, Australia and the UK, which have all seen growth in the past year. Canada reported a 20 percent jump in 2017, while Australia saw a 12 percent increase. Students from abroad are still flocking to the coasts, but are less interested in the South and Midwest.Several factors are driving the decrease. Visa and immigration policy changes by the Trump administration have deterred some international students from enrolling, college administrators and immigration analysts said.A strong dollar has made US college tuition relatively more expensive; Canadian and European universities are competing fiercely for the same students and headlines about mass shootings also may have deterred some students, said Allan Goodman, president of HE.“Everything matters from safety, to cost, to perhaps perceptions of visa policy,” Goodman said. “We’re hearing that they have choices. We’re hearing that there’s competition from other countries.”The shift is due to a combination of politics, geography and branding, said Alejandra Sosa Pieroni, an international recruitment expert with a company that consults with colleges to improve enrollment.“Students are not feeling welcome in some states，so they are looking beyond those states and heading to places where they will feel welcome/5 she said.Foreign students are big business. They pumped $42 billion into US college and university coffers in the 2017-18 school year alone.International students have become an important funding source for American colleges as traditional revenue sources, such as state funding, come under pressure. Most undergraduate foreign students do not qualify for need-based financial aid and must pay full tuition and fees to attend US schools.However, the number of US students studying abroad ticked up by 2 percent last year,continuing eight years of slow but steady growth. Europe remained the top destination,followed by Latin America and Asia.
As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town Narsaq (纳萨克）and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.Narsaq’s largest employer，a shrimp processing plant, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one. As a result, the population in Narsaq, one of southern Greenland's major towns, has been halved to 1，500 in just a decade. Suicides are up. “Fishing is the heart of this town，” said Hans Kaspersen，63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”But even as rising temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this island of 57,000 — perhaps nowhere more so than in Narsaq. Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s huge ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry. One of the world's largest deposits of rare earth metals — essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars ——sits just outside Narsaq.It has long been known that Greenland sat upon vast mineral lodes, and the Danish government has mapped them intermittently for decades. Niels Bohr, the Danish Nobel Prize laureate nuclear physicist and a participant in the Manhattan Project，which developed the first atomic bomb, visited Narsaq in 1957 because of its uranium deposits. But previous attempts at mining mostly failed, proving too expensive in the inclement conditions. Now, warming has altered the equation.The Greenland Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum, charged with managing the boom, has 150 active licenses for mineral exploration, up from 20 a decade ago. Altogether, companies spent US$100 million exploring Greenland's deposits last year, and several are applying for licenses to begin construction on new mines, bearing gold, iron, zinc and rare earth. There are also foreign companies exploring for offshore oil.The Black Angel Lead and Zinc Mine, which dosed in 1990, is applying to reopen this year, said Hammeken-Holm，who oversees licensing at the mining bureau, “because the ice is in retreat，you’re getting much more to explore.”In Narsaq, which features a collection of brightly painted homes bordered by spectacular fjords, two foreign companies are applying to the government for permission to mine. Narsaq9s tiny airport, previously threatened with closure due to lack of traffic, could be expanded. A local landlord is contemplating converting an abandoned apartment complex into a hotel.“There will be a lot of people coming from outside, and that will be a big challenge，since Greenlandic culture has been isolated,9, said Jasper Schroder, a student from Narsaq who attends a university in Denmark. Still, he said he supports the mine and hopes it will provide jobs and stem the rash of suicides, particularly among his peers; Greenland has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. “People in this culture don’t want to be a burden to their families if they can’t contribute，” he said.But not all are convinced of the benefits of mining. “Of course, the mine will help the local economy and will help Greenland，but I，m not so sure if it will be good for us,” said Dorothea Rodgaard，who runs a local guesthouse. “We are worried about the loss of nature.”
It has been a usual sight that the luxury liner Majestic Princess operated by Carnival Group, a global cruise company, sits charging at the Wusongkou International Cruise Terminal in Shanghai.Shore power can help ships reduce their emissions by moving away from using oil to generate energy. “Developing a shore power system for a green port is just one of the projects for eco-friendly shipping conducted by the China Merchants Group (CMG),” Fu Gangfeng,Director and Group President of CMG Ltd., a state-owned enterprise whose traditional business is shipping along the Yangtze River, told Xinhua News Agency.The shore power supply system has been in use for a year and has already contributed to 23,000 tons in reduced emissions. The Yangtze River, China’s longest waterway，is one of the busiest rivers in the world. In 2017, 2.5 billion tons of goods were delivered along this west-east water route, one of the reasons why the river has become known as a golden waterway.Compared with other methods, transportation via water has both advantages in cost and transport capacity, as well as green benefits, by saving power and reducing emissions. But the shipping lanes of the Yangtze have also caused serious environmental problems. According to statistics provided by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 60 percent of inland vessels are distributed in the low reaches of the Yangtze, most of which use marine fuel, a major source of pollution along the waterway. Moreover, pollution caused by industrial accidents, domestic sewage dumped by ships and heavy metal sediment from the bottom of vessels have also had a detrimental effect on the river’s ecosystem.In the Three Gorges area, diesel power generation emits around 10 tons of sulfides, 4,000 tons of carbon oxides and 3 tons of PM2.5 annually, posing a serious risk to the air qualityand ecological environment of the region. In 2017, there were 614 ships in the Three Gorges Dam area, with an average waiting time of 106 hours. During the overhaul of the ship locks in 2018, there were 1,084 ships waiting for an average duration of 202 hours. Accordingly, the supervision of activities and the entry standards for ships are hard to control, which increases the difficulty of maintaining orderly competition.During the process of improving the waterway, the concept of ecological protection is being implemented. Eco-friendly materials and structures are applied to minimize the impact on the environment in a bid to maintain a balance between regulation and protection. Building green ports is an essential and effective method of waterway regulation. In conclusion, high standards should be maintained when new ports are built and old ones are upgraded. By regulating, integrating and upgrading existing ports, the functions of the shoreline are strengthened. The use of cleaner energy in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is also of great significance for the green future of the Yangtze channel. According to Fu, in terms of drybulk cargo, 50 freighters with 8,000 to 10,000 tons of LNG fleet suitable for the Yangtze will be built in the future to replace the existing 50 percent of the ship5s capacity, optimize the ship structure and reduce pollution to the environment.
It sounds so promising. A network of dedicated cycle routes runs through a city，withair pumps to fix flat tires, footrests to lean on while taking breaks and trash cans that are specially angled, so you can throw in empty water bottles without stopping.Best of all, you can cycle on those routes for long distances without having to make way for cars and trucks at junctions and traffic lights, according to the official description of the Cycle Super Highways, which are under construction here as part of the Danish capital’s efforts to become carbon-neutral by 2025.Are they as good as they sound? These days it is hard to find a big city that doesn’t make grandiose claims to encourage cycling, and harder still to find one that fulfills them. Redesigning congested traffic systems to add bike lanes to overcrowded roads is fiendishly difficult, especially in historic cities with narrow cobbled streets like Copenhagen. But as its cycling program sounds so ambitious, I went there to try it.Maybe I’d be less cynical if I lived in Amsterdam，Cologne or any other city with decent cycling facilities. But as a Londoner，I’ve learned the hard way to be suspicious whenever politicians promise to do anything bike-friendly. London's mayor, Boris Johnson, is a keen cyclist，who issues policy papers with auspicious titles like “Cycling Revolution” and has continued his predecessor’s biking program by introducing a cycle-rental project and building new bike lanes.So far, so good. You may think, unless you have braved the potholes, parked trucks and construction debris that obstruct those lanes，many of which appear to have been designed by someone who has never seen a bicycle, let alone ridden one.Luckily for Copenhagen's cyclists, their system has been more thoughtfully designed. The capital is a compact, reasonably flat city which is naturally bike-friendly, and even its old cycle routes are wider and better maintained than London’s. More than a third of Copenhageners already bike to work or school, mainly on short journeys of an average of 5 kilometers, or 3 miles.The city's traffic planners hope to encourage people to cycle for longer distances creating the cycling equivalent of freeways, which will provide fast, direct routes of up to 22 kilometers into the center. A total of 28 highways are planned, providing 495 kilometers of dedicated bike tracks. The first one from the western suburb of Albertslund opened in April 2012, followed a year later by the second, from Farum, northwest of the city.What are the super highways like? Judging by my experience of the Farum route, they’re great. Impressive though the air pumps，footrests and angled trash cans are, the biggest thrill was pedaling through the “green waves” of uninterrupted green traffic lights， which have been programmed to prioritize cyclists over cars.It was also cheering to see bikers chatting while cycling two or three abreast in“conversation lanes”. Like most urban bikers，I usually value the practical benefits of cycling, as a speedy means of transport and convenient form of exercise，but the Farum route made itas pleasurable as zipping along empty country lanes. The planners hope the foil network will eventually encourage a 30-percent increase in cycling among Copenhagen^ commuters, which would be hugely beneficial in terms of reducing the city9s C02 emissions and health care costs.
What is the single most effective way to reduce greenhouse-gas emission? Go vegetarian? Replant the Amazon? Cycle to work? None of the above. The answer is: make air-conditioners radically better. On one calculation, replacing refrigerants that damage the atmosphere would reduce total greenhouse gases by the equivalent of 90bn tonnes of C02 by 2050. Making the units more energy-efficient could double that. By contrast, if half the worlds population were to give up meat, it would save 66bn tonnes of C02. Replanting two- thirds of degraded tropical forests would save 61bn tonnes. A one-third increase in global bicycle journeys would save just 2.3bn tonnes.Air-conditioning is one of the worlds great overlooked industries. Automobiles and air- conditioners were invented at roughly the same time, and both have had a huge impact on where people live and work. Unlike cars，though，air-conditioners have drawn little criticism for their social impact, emissions or energy efficiency. Most hot countries do not have rules to govern their energy use. There is not even a common English word for “coolth”（the opposite of warmth).Yet air-conditioning has done more than most things to benefit humankind. Lee Kuan Yew, the first prime minister of Singapore，called it “perhaps one of the signal inventions of history”. It has transformed productivity in the tropics and helped turn southern China into the workshop of the world. In Europe, its spread has pushed down heat-related deaths by a factor of ten since 2003, when 70,000 more people than usual, most of them elderly, died in a heatwave. For children, air-conditioned classrooms and dormitories are associated with better grades at school (see International section).Environmentalists who call air-conditioning “a luxury we cannot afford” have half a point, however. In the next ten years, as many air-conditioners will be installed around the world as were put in between 1902 (when air-conditioning was invented) and 2005. Until energy can be produced without carbon emissions, these extra machines will warm the world. At the moment, therefore, air-conditioners created a vicious cycle. The more the Earth warms, the more people need them. But the more there are, the warmer the world will be.Cutting the impact of cooling requires three things (beyond turning up the thermostat to make rooms less Arctic). First, air-conditioners must become much more efficient. The most energy-efficient models on the market today consume only about one-third as much electricity as average ones. Minimum energy-performance standards need to be raised, or introduced in countries that lack them altogether，to push the average unit’s performance closer to the standard of the best.Next, manufacturers should stop using damaging refrigerants. One category of these, hydrofluorocarbons, is over 1,000 times worse than carbon dioxide when it comes to trapping heat in the atmosphere. And international deal to phase out these pollutants, called the Kigali Amendment, will come into force in 2019. Foot-draggers should ratify and implement it; America is one country that has not done so.Last, more could be done to design offices, malls and even cities so they do not need as many air-conditioners in the first place. More buildings should be built with overhanging roofs or balconies for shade, or with natural ventilation. Simply painting roofs white can help keep temperatures down. Better machines are necessary. But cooling as an overall system needs to be improved if air-conditioning is to fulfill its promise to make people healthier, wealthier and wiser, without too high an environmental cost. Providing indoor sanctuaries of air-conditioned comfort need not come at the expense of an overheating world.
For generations, coal has been the lifeblood of this mineral-rich stretch of eastern Utah.Mining families proudly recall all the years they toiled underground. Supply companies line the town streets. Above the road that winds toward the mines, a soot-smudged miner peers out from a billboard with the slogan “Coal = Jobs.” But recently, fear has settled in. The state"s oldest coal-fired power plant, tucked among the canyons near a town, is set to close, a result of new, stricter federal pollution regulations. As energy companies move away from coal toward cleaner, cheaper natural gas, people here have grown increasingly afraid that their community may soon slip away. Dozens of workers at the Carbon Power Plant have learned that they must retire early or seek other jobs. Local trucking and equipment outfits are preparing to take business elsewhere.“There are a lot of people worried,” said Kyle Davis, who has been employed at the plant since he was 18. Mr. Davis, 56, worked his way up from sweeping floors to managing operations at the plant, whose furnaces have been burning since 1954. t4I would have liked tobe here for another five years，” he said, “I’m too young to retire.”But the Rocky Mountain Power, the utility that operates the plant, has determined that itwould be too expensive to retrofit the aging plant to meet new federal standards on mercury emissions. The plant is scheduled to be shut by April 2015. t6We had been working for the better part of three years, testing compliance strategies,”said David Eskelsen, a spokesman for the utility. 6tNone of the ones we investigated really would produce the results that would meet the requirements.”For the last several years, coal plants have been shutting down across the country, driven by tougher environmental regulations, flattening electricity demand and a move by utilities toward natural gas. This month, the board of directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority，the country’s largest public power utility，voted to shut eight coal-powered plants in Alabama and Kentucky, and partly replace them with gas-fired power. Since 2010, more than 150 coal plants have been closed or scheduled for retirement.The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that the stricter emissions regulationsfor the plants will result in billions of dollars in related health savings and will have a sweeping impact on air quality. In recent weeks, the agency held 11 ""listening sessions95 around the country in advance of proposing additional rules for carbon dioxide emissions. “(Coal plants are the single largest source of dangerous carbon pollution in the UnitedStates，and we have ready alternatives like wind and solar to replace them，” said Bruce Nilles, director of the Sierra Club"s Beyond Coal Campaign, which wants to shut all of the nation’s coal plants.For many here, coal jobs are all they know. The industry united the area during hard times, too, especially during the dark days after nine men died in a 2007 mining accident some 35 miles down the highway. Virtually everyone around here knew the men, six of whom remain entombed in the mountainside. But there is quiet acknowledgment that this place will have to change — if not now, soon. Pete Palacios, who worked in the mines for 43 years, has seen coal roar and fade here. Now 86, his eyes grew cloudy as he recalled his first mining job. He was 12, and earned US$1 a day. “I’m retired, so I’ll be fine. But these young guys?” Pete Palacios said，his voice trailing off.
一百年来，南京大学历经沧桑，校名屡经更迭，校址也一再搬迁，但学校诚朴坚毅、自强不息的传统精神和严谨求实、勤奋创新的校风在一代又一代南大人身上传承延续，发扬光大。正是这种优良的传统和校风，将南京大学扎根于中国和世界文明的沃土，形成了南大深厚的文化底蕴，塑造了南大人诚恳朴实、坚毅自强的品格，使学校在百年办学过程中始终保持青春活力，各项事业不断发展壮大。“诚朴”是南大传统精神中最本色的东西，“诚朴”是诚恳朴实的意思，其中 “诚”是核心，是根本。做学问要“诚朴”，就是要有实事求是的科学精神，严谨、勤奋的治学态度，只有这样，才能获得真才实学，才能担负振兴中华的重任。“雄伟”是雄壮而伟大的意思，为人、为学要有远大志向，立志“做得大事”， 要有崇高的责任感、使命感，将个人奋斗的目标与国家的发展、人类的进步紧密结合起来。
敦煌行·丝绸之路国际旅游节自2011年开始在甘肃举办，是全国唯一以丝绸之路命名的常设性旅游节会，现己成为服务丝路沿线国家和地区文化旅游交流合作的重要国际性平台。几届旅游节的成功举办，达到了以节促游、以节聚力、以节提位、以节造势、以节促建、以节促管，助推建设旅游强省的目的。甘肃省位于中国西北部，闻名于世的丝绸之路在甘肃境内东西绵延长达1600公里，占其全程近四分之一，被誉为丝路古道的黄金路段。因丰富的历史文化和自然景观，甘肃省己成为深受世界旅游者喜爱、具有巨大潜力的国际旅游目的地。其中甘肃丝绸之路旅游线，因沿途璀燦的历史文化遗迹和丰富的旅游资源，被原中国国家旅游局列为中国最知名的12条精品旅游线路之首。敦煌行·丝绸之路国际旅游节将进一步促进丝绸之路国家旅游业界的合作与发展。敦煌行·丝绸之路国际旅游节为期1个月，旅游节期间还分别在全省14个市州举办多项系列活动。热忱欢迎海内外朋友莅临盛会，感知交响丝路，畅游如意甘肃。
19世纪末，德国地理学家斐迪南·冯·里希霍芬（FerdinandvonRichthofen)首次提出了 “丝绸之路”的名称。在整个人类文明史上，迄今为止，还没有一种以具体日用物品命名的事物，会在长达一个世纪的时间里，在东西方引起如此广泛而深远的影响。然而重新审视这条道路在文明史上的表现，丝绸贸易并非是其唯一内容，并且这一名称也无法准确概括当时东西方文明交融的全部内容。就我们今天所能了解的情形看，除了丝绸之外，当时通过这条道路交流的还有各种香料、纸张、瓷器等。这些在今天看来十分普通的物品，在当时却代表了某一文明形态的最高成就。除这些物品之外，宗教思想和文化观念，也通过这条道路不断得以传播。由此可见，“丝绸之路”并不能完全概括这条道路的丰富文化内涵。丝绸的运输也不仅仅纯粹是一种物品的交流，而是有着深刻的文化意蕴。事实上，绵长的丝绸之路，由于其独特的地理位置和环境，华夏文明史上每一次文明的迁徙与文化的传播，都在这里留下了鲜明的印记与积淀。
