CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题及答案(一)

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1. After years of painstaking research and sophisticated surveys, Jaco Boshoff may be on the verge of a nearly unheard-of discovery: the wreck of a Dutch slave ship that broke apart 239 years ago on this forbidding, windswept coast after a violent revolt by the slaves.Boshoff, 39, a marine archaeologist with the government-run Iziko Museums, will not find out until he starts digging on this deserted beach on Africa´ s southernmost point, probably later this year.
After three years of surveys with sensitive magnetometers, he knows, at least, where to look: at a cluster of magnetic abnormalities, three beneath the beach and one beneath the surf, near the mouth of the Heuningries River, where the 450-ton slave ship, the Meermin, ran aground in 1766.
If he is right, it will be a find for the history books 一especially if he recovers shackles, spears and iron guns that shed light on how 147 Malagasy slaves seized their captors´ vessel, only to be recaptured. Although European countries shipped millions of slaves from Africa over four centuries, archaeologists estimate that fewer than 10 slave shipwrecks have been found worldwide. If he is wrong, Boshoff said in an interview, “I will have a lot of explaining to do. ”
He will, however, have an excuse. Historical records indicate that at least 30 ships have run aground in the treacherous waters off Struis Bay， the earliest of them in 1673. Although Boshoff says he believes beyond doubt that the remains of a ship are buried on this beach— the jagged timbers of a wreck are sometimes uncovered during September´ s spring tide 一 there is always the prospect that his surveys have found the wrong one.
"Finding shipwrecks is just so difficult in the first place, " said Madeleine Burnside, the author of Spirits of the Passage, a book on the slave trade, and executive director of the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society in Key West, Florida. "Usually — not always — they are located by accident. , , Other slave-ship finds have produced compelling evidence of both the brutality and the lucrative nature of the slave trade.

2. The countries that minted the most female college graduates in fields like science, engineering, or math were also some of the least gender-equal countries. According to a paper by Gijsbert Stoet and David Geary, psychologists at Leeds Beckett University and the University of Missouri respectively, this is because the countries that empower women also empower them, indirectly, to pick whatever career they"d enjoy most and be best at."Countries with the highest gender equality tend to be welfare states," they write, "with a high level of social security." Meanwhile, less gender-equal countries tend to also have less social support for people who, for example, find themselves unemployed. Thus, the authors suggest, girls in those countries might be more inclined to choose stem professions, since they offer a more certain financial future than，say, painting or writing.
When the experts looked at the "overall life satisfaction" rating of each country — a measure of economic opportunity and hardship — they found that gender-equal countries had more life satisfaction. The life-satisfaction ranking explained 35 percent of the variation between gender equality and women"s participation in stem. That correlation echoes past research showing that the genders are actually more segregated by field of study in more economically developed places.
The upshot of this research is neither especially feminist nor especially sad: It’s not that gender equality discourages girls from pursuing science. It’s that it allows them not to if they"re not interested.
The findings will likely seem controversial, since the idea that men and women have different inherent abilities is often used as a reason, by some，to argue we should forget trying to recruit more women into the stem fields. But, as the University of Wisconsin gender- studies professor Janet Shibley Hyde put it, that9s not quite what"s happening here.
"Some would say that the gender stem gap occurs not because girls can"t do science，
but because they have other alternatives, based on their strengths in verbal skills," she said. ""In wealthy nations, they believe that they have the freedom to pursue those alternatives and not worry so much that they pay less."
Instead, this line of research, if it’s replicated, might hold useful takeaways for people who do want to see more Western women entering stem fields. In this study, the percentage of girls who did excel in science or math was still larger than the number of women who were graduating with stem degrees. That means there’s something in even the most liberal societies that’s nudging women away from math and science, even when those are their best subjects. The women-in-stem advocates could, for starters, focus their efforts on those would-be stem stars.

1. 曾几何时，人们还对“80后”评头论足，或感叹他们是“垮掉的一代”，或认为他们很嫩很青涩。如今，“80后”已经长大了，他们中将首次出现30岁群体。《论语》说，“三十而立”，而我们却无法把“80后”与而立画上等号。调查显示，五成以上80后的职场人在工作上力不从心；近五成调查对象无房无车，且处于未婚状态。
“80后”三十难立也不必沮丧，有时需要励志一下，因为要改变自己的命运，最终靠的是自己，多一些意气风发，多一些愈挫愈勇的斗志，少一些埋怨，少一些迷失。毕竟，“80后”也不乏成功人士，他们筚路蓝缕，走出了自己的一片天。

2. 在人们对空中网络需求不断增长的推动下，总部位于深圳的空中客车中国创新中心与中国移动公司签署了一项协议，共同开发空中Wi-Fi服务。空客中国创新中心首席执行官罗岗表示：“该合作将充分利用便携式电子设备使用的优惠政策以及未来的 5G技术，共同开发端到端的一整套解决方案，打造全新的机上高速互联体验。”今年一月，中国民航总局就飞机上使用移动设备这一点放宽了政策。目前乘客可以在飞机行驶过程中使用开启了飞行模式的手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑。在接下来的几年，中国空中Wi-Fi市场将急速增长。由于技术和费用有限，大多数国内航线至今还没有配备Wi-Fi服务。目前，飞行中的Wi-Fi主要依赖于Ku波段的信号信道，这使得它很容易受到飞行过程中不稳定的影响。新近的高速空中网基于Ka波段，意味着网速将比目前己有的选择快得多。