翻译三级笔译综合能力考试模拟题(一)-聚题库

1. The dictionary she bought is（）that I have.

Atwice as much as

Bas twice much as

Ctwice more than

Dtwice than

2. The traffic law requires（） all taxi drivers and passengers to wear seat belts.

Ato

B/

Cfor

Din

3. （）any instructiorts from the Head Office, we couldn't make any decision.

ANot receiving

BReceiving no

CNot having recived

DHaving not received

4. A（）biologist studies the fish and other living things in the oceans.

Amerry

Btypical

Cprofessional

Dmarine

5. Everyone is working harder, and living a happier life now, （） ?

Aisn't one

Baren't we

Cisn't it

Daren't they

6. Pet animals live in millions of American homes. People keep cats, dogs, birds, fish, guinea pigs, mice —（）snakes.

Aand

Btogether with

Ceven

Dbut not

7. When science, business, and art learn something of （） goals, the world will have come closer to cultural harmony.

Aone another´s

Beach other´s

Cone another

Deach other

8. （）knows the name of this song will receive a prize from the radio station.

AOne

BWho

CAnyone

DWhoever

9. （） I waved to him again and again did he see me.

AWhen

BTill

CUntil

DNot until

10. I will not go such a long way to visit the library （） you drive me there.

Aif

Bsince

Cunless

Dwhen

11. She dropped her voice as she started to（）that she had fallen in love with the poet.

Aimpress

Bexpress

Csuppress

Dconfess

12. These planes are designed to travel at（） speeds.

Asounding

Bfatal

Csupersonic

Dsoaring

13. I told him that he might get into the boss´s（）if he could accomplish a few things for the good of the company.

Areference

Bconfidence

Ccompetence

Dpersistence

14. Despite a flurry of diplomatic activity in Geneva, prospects for a peace settlement seemed as（）as ever.

Aremote

Bprovocative

Cpositive

Drelocated

15. Christina is so（）that she is sad for days after seeing the tragedy movie.

Asensible

Bsentimental

Csensitive

DSensory

16. There's little chance that mankind would a nuclear war.

Aretain

Bendure

Cmaintain

Dsurvive

17. He tried very hard to（）the authorities of his capabilities and loyalty, only to find that the more he tried, the less they believed him.

Atell

Bshow

Cconvince

Dencourage

18. The teacher（）his fingers on the desk impatiently while waiting for the student´s answer.

Asprayed

Bnodded

Crocked

Dtapped

19. We got to the station only （） that the train had just left.

Alearned

Bto learn

Clearning

Dhaving learned

20. It is a pity that （） of her two husbands has been capable of understanding her.

Aeither

Bneither

Cboth

Deach

21. The growth of their economy is（）, not in reality. Many of their statistics are false.

Ain figures

Bin fact

Cin the red

Din form

22. It´s years （） they last met each other at the conference in Philadelphia.

Asince

Bwhen

Cbefore

Dafter

23. No ready technical data were available, but we managed to （）.

Ago for

Bgo off

Cgo without

Dgo through

24. The shortage of rainfall this summer in the region is sure to cause（）of vegetables for the food market.

Ascarcity

Bvariety

Crarity

Dvalidity

25. The manager of the company firmly believed that one of the important（）sources of new customers was the children´s market.

Aunfolded

Bunknown

Cunsolved

Duntapped

26. He, hungry and tired, had no choice （） to leave the heavy package behind.

Ahowever

Bbut

Cotherwise

Dnevertheless

27. The members of this union are now（）different from those registered last year.

Aseverely

Bexcessively

Cviolently

Dradically

28. As a judge, he is supposed to be fair and tries to make（）decisions.

Apartial

Bimpartial

Cmutual

Dequivalent

29. I have （） the conclusion that it would be unwise to accept his proposal.

Acome at

Bcome to

Ccome for

Dcome up

30. This political dilemma （） him, changing him from a charming, smart and sociable personality to a gloomy, nervous wreck.

Aformed

Btormented

Cfoamed

Ddoomed

The Greenhouse Effect
温室效应
The air we breathe keeps us alive in more ways than one. Without our atmosphere, average global temperature would be about minus 18℃(minus 0.4℉) instead of the present 15℃(59℉). All the incoming sunlight, with energy equivalent to about three 100-watt light bulbs per square yard, would strike Earth´s surface, causing it to emit infrared waves like a giant radiator. That heat would simply travel unimpeded back out into the void.
Because of the atmosphere, however, only a fraction of that heat makes it directly back into space. The rest is trapped in the lower air layers, which contain a number of gases-water vapor,
CO2, methane, and others that absorb the outgoing infrared radiation. As those gases heat up, some of their warmth radiates back down to the surface. The entire process is called the greenhouse effect, and most of it is caused by the predominant greenhouse gas, water vapor.
With increased heating, more water evaporates from oceans, lakes, and soils. Because a warmer atmosphere can hold more water vapor, this creates a powerful feedback loop: The hotter it gets, the higher the water vapor content of the air, and thus the greater the greenhouse warming.
Human beings have little direct control over the volume of water in the atmosphere. But we produce other greenhouse gases that intensify the effect. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that rising CO2 emissions, mostly from burning fossil fuels, account for about 60 percent of the warming observed since 1850. Carbon dioxide concentration
has been increasing about 0.3 percent a year, and it is now about 30 percent higher than it was before the Industrial Revolution. If current rates continue, it will rise to at least twice pre-industrial levels by about 2060 and by the end of the century could be four times as high. That is particularly worrisome because CO2 lifetime is more than a hundred years in the
atmosphere, compared with eight days for water vapor.
Methane, the principal ingredient of natural gas, has caused an estimated 15 percent of the warming in modern times. Generated by bacteria in rice fields, decomposing garbage, cattle ranching, and fossil fuel production, methane persists in the atmosphere for nearly a decade and is now about 2.5 times as prevalent as it was in the 16th century. Other major greenhouse gases include nitrous oxide produced by both agriculture and industry and various solvents and refrigerants like chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are now banned by international treaty because of their damaging effect on Earth´s protective ozone layer.
The relentless accumulation of greenhouse gases has led the IPCC to project that in the next hundred years global average temperatures will rise by 1 to 3.5 degrees C. That may not seem like much. Yet the "little ice age," an anomalous cold snap that peaked from 1570 to 1730 and forced European farmers to abandon their fields, was caused by a change of only half a degree C.
But how credible are current projection? The computer models used to project greenhouse effects far into the future are still being improved to accommodate a rapidly growing fund of knowledge. And it is remarkably difficult to detect a definitive "signature" of human activity in the world´s widely fluctuating climate record.

1. Paragraphs 4 and 5 deal with other greenhouse gases many make （）.

Aby burning fossil fuels

Bby bacteria in rice fields

Cby CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide

Dboth A and B

2. The main part of the heat caused by sunlight is absorbed by （）.

Athe lower air layers

Ba number of gases in the lower air layers

Cthe earth´s surface

Dwater vapor

3. The word "relentless" in the first sentence of Paragraph 6 "The relentless accumulation of greenhouse gases has led the IPCC to project that" means （）.

Awithout permission

Bwithout pity

Cless severe

Dless harmful

4. Which of the statements about volume of water in atmosphere is true?

AMan has done a lot with it.

BMan has little direct control over it.

CMan has taken measures for it.

DMan has nothing to do with it.

5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

AThe computer models used to project greenhouse effects are not satisfactory.

BThe climate of the world has been changing.

COur present projection about Greenhouse Effect is somewhat undependable.

DHuman knowledge has been increasing very quickly.

Corn
玉米
Nothing is more delicious than the sweet corn picked at the peak of ripeness. Corn is low in fat and a good source of fiber and B vitamins. Research shows that if you follow a low-fat, high-fiber diet, you lower your risk of heart disease and certain cancers, giving you even more reason to consume all the corn from the garden or buy a plentiful supply from your local farmers´ market.
Today, more than 200 varieties of com are available. Yellow com has large, full-flavored kernels. The kernels of white corn are small and sweet. The super-sweet varieties, while great to eat, are not suitable for canning because the natural sugar in the corn caramelizes and turns brown during processing. It is best to freeze super-sweet varieties in order to preserve them.
Look for ears with green shucks, moist stems, and silk ends that are free of decay. Kernels should be small, tender, plump, milky when pierced, and fill up all the spaces in an ear´s rows. The good selection of corn available at farmers´ markets will allow you to buy enough.
Since corn can absorb odors from foods such as green onions, avoid storing corn with other produce. Keep unshucked fresh corn in the refrigerator until ready to use, wrapped in damp paper towels and placed in a plastic bag. Corn´s natural covering will prevent it from drying out. The typical shelf life of corn is four to six days, so refrigerate it for no more than two days. Each day corn is kept after picking reduces its just-picked fresh taste.
After shucking, fresh sweet com can be steamed, boiled, oven-roasted, or grilled and then eaten off the cob by hand. Fresh corn kernels can be used to make corn soup or be added to other soups; used in salads, vegetable saut s, fritters, and relishes; creamed; or made into puddings or souffl s. A Creole version of creamed com uses fresh red, green, and yellow peppers and fresh basil. Both peppers and basil are generally available from vendors at your local farmers´ market.
If you love corn on the cob, corn salsas, chowders, and all the other wonderful ways to prepare com when it is in season, you may be interested in trying a tool that removes corn kernels. It cuts kernels off the cob, allowing you to move the blade closer if you want creamier com. Look for it during the summer season at your local cookware store.
When corn is picked, its sugar immediately begins to turn to starch, reducing the corn´snatural sweetness. So, it´s important to cook corn as soon as possible after you buy it.
To steam: Remove shucks and silk. Trim stem ends. Arrange ears on a rack and steam in a double boiler about 8 to 10 minutes or until tender. Or, stand ears in a tall pot with 1 inch of water in the bottom of the pot. Cover the pot with a tight-fitting lid and steam the corn for 5 minutes.
To microwave: Place the ears of corn, still in the shucks, in a single layer in the microwaver. Microwave on high for a period equal to 2 minutes times the number of ears, turning the ears halfway through cooking. Allow corn to rest several minutes before removing the shucks and silk. To boil: Remove shucks and silk. Trim stem ends. Carefully place ears in a large pot of boiling water. Cook 2 to 4 minutes or until the kernels are tender.
To grill: Turn back the inner shucks and remove the silk. Sprinkle each ear with 2 tablespoons of water and nonfat seasonings such as salt, pepper, or herbs. Replace shucks and tie them shut. (Cooking corn in the shucks gives it an earthy, grassy flavor.) Place ears on a hot grill, turning often for 20 to 30 minutes. You can also remove the shucks and silk and wrap the ears in double-folded, heavy-duty aluminum foil. Before wrapping, sprinkle each ear with 2 tablespoons of water and seasonings such as salt, pepper, or herbs. Twist the ends of the foil. Cook, turning once, about 10 to 15 minutes until done.

6. Super-sweet varieties cannot be canned because （）.

Athe sugar in them will turn them brown

Bthey will be preserved

Cthey´re too large

Dthey´re full-flavored

7. Which of the following is NOT true?

ALow-fat, high-fiber diet keeps you away from certain diseases.

BFresh corn should be kept unshucked in the fridge.

CFresh taste will gradually reduce after picking.

DIn selecting corn you should use your ears to listen.

8. Steam the shucked corn for （） minutes.

A2-4

B8-10

C10-15

D20-30

9. In microwaving the corn, you should （）.

Ashuck the corn first

Bset the time period to 2 minutes

Cput the microwaver on a high place

Dnot remove the shucks immediately after cooking

10. Grill the corn unshucked in order to （）.

Adoubly fold it

Bremove the silk

Cgive it an earthy, grassy flavor

Dsprinkle water and seasonings

Counseling Cheers Depressed Heart Attack Patients
咨询让压抑的心力衰竭病人振作起来
Psychological counseling can help heart attack patients deal with the depression they often experience, but it doesn´t improve survival or reduce the odds of a second attack, says a new study.
Researchers reached those conclusions after following up nearly 2,500 heart attack patients from 73 hospitals for an average of 29 months. They publish their findings in the June 18 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease Patients trial, funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, was conducted from late 1996 through April 2001. The patients, average age 61, were assigned to a "usual care" group or an intervention group.
Three-quarters of the subjects had depression, with the other quarter suffering from what they perceived as low social support. Both conditions are associated with higher death rates and subsequent heart problems in cardiac patients, previous studies have found.
And depression in heart attack patients is common, as the researchers note in their report. About 20 percent have severe depression and another 27 percent have minor depression.
So the researchers set out to find whether treating that depression and improving perceived social support—the patient´s felling that he could turn to many loved ones for help—would reduce the death rate from heart attack and decrease the risk of having a repeat attack.
Those in the intervention group, besides receiving the same care as the "usual care" group, also got weekly individual counseling sessions, sometimes supplemented by group sessions, designed to help them stop negative thoughts and reduce stress. Antidepressants were prescribed to those who needed them in both groups, with 20 percent of the usual care and 28 percent of the intervention group using antidepressants by the study´s end.
"There was significant improvement in depression after six months of counseling," says Susan M. Czajkowski, a researcher at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and project officer of the study. The patients´ perception of their social support improved, too.
But at the end of the follow-up, 75.9 percent of the usual care group survived, versus 75.8 percent of those who got counseling.
"We are going back and taking a good in-depth look at the data," Czajkowski says. The lack of benefit on survival and subsequent heart attack was not expected, she says.
Why did the usual care group do better than expected? "We suspect that the patients in the usual care group may have gotten some counseling on their own, or their doctors may have referred them," Czajkowski says. And, she notes, the rate of antidepressant use was fairly similar between the two groups.
But the improvement in depression and social functioning in those who got counseling
shouldn´t be downplayed, she says. "Even though there was no difference in survival, we did
make a difference in terms of the depression and their social functioning," she says.
The study, the largest controlled trial of psychotherapy for heart patients, is an accomplishment in itself, says Nancy Frasure-Smith, a professor of psychiatry at McGill University and the Montreal Heart Institute who co-authored an editorial accompanying the study.
"We may never know whether treating depression can affect the cardiac prognosis," she says.
"That isn´t as important as encouraging trials to improve the treatment of depression."
While many doctors know to be on the lookout for depression in heart attack patients, Czajkowski advises patients or their loved ones to be aware of the signs of depression and ask for help. Those symptoms include a downcast mood for two weeks or more, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness and a loss of appetite.

11. The hypothesis for doing the research was that （）.

Aheart attack-induced deaths and suffering a second attack are related to depression and lack of social support

Bdoing it would surely help understand heart disease-related issues

Cdepression and social support were sure to have nothing to do with heart problems

D'usual care' and intervention were two sides of the same treatment strategy

12. The researchers （） and started so tudy problems associated with depression and lack of social support.

Adrew on previous findings and their own experiences

Bbelieved counseling could help improve survival rate in cardiac patients

Cwere encouraged by the Journal of the American Medical Association

Dgot support from two groups of patients

13. Which of the following is NOT true of the "intervention group"?

AIndividual and group counseling sessions were provided to the patients as needed.

BThe patients received the same care as the 'usual group'.

CThe patients suffered less depression than the 'usual group' after half a year´s treatment.

DThe patients felt that they were obtaining more social support than before.

14. The passage indicates that Czajkowski had expected that （）.

Aboth groups would have an equal percentage in survival rate

Bnothing would go wrong with the data

Cthe research would reveal the difference between self-counseling and external counseling

Dthe 'intervention group' would do better in survival rate after the follow-up

15. Providing counseling to heart patients is by no means unimportant because （）.

Ait somewhat improves survival rate in heart patients

Bit encourages and improves treatment of the disease

Cit improves the quality of life in patients in terms of depression and counseling´s social functioning

Dit cautions both patients and their families to guard against depression

A Surgical Cure for Diabetes
外科手术治疗糖尿病
by Johnson Carlak
A new study gives the strongest evidence yet that obesity surgery can cure diabetes. Patients who had surgery to reduce the size of their stomachs were five times more likely to see their diabetes disappear over the next two years than were patients who had standard diabetes care, according to Australian researchers.
Most of the surgery patients were able to stop taking diabetes drugs and achieve normal blood tests.
"It´s the best therapy for diabetes that we have today, and it´s very low risk," said the study´s lead author, Dr. John Dixon of Monash University Medical School in Melbourne, Australia.
The patients had stomach band surgery, a procedure more common in Australia than in the United States, where gastric bypass surgery, or stomach stapling, predominates.
Gastric bypass is even more effective against diabetes, achieving remission in a matter of days or a month, said Dr. David Cummings, who wrote an accompanying editorial in the journal but was not involved in the study.
"We have traditionally considered diabetes to be a chronic, progressive disease," said Cummings of the University of Washington in Seattle. "But these operations really do represent a realistic hope for curing most patients."
Diabetes experts who read the study said surgery should be considered for some obese patients, but more research is needed to see how long results last and which patients benefit most. Surgery risks should be weighed against diabetes drug side effects and the long-term risks of diabetes itself, they said.
Experts generally agree that weight-loss surgery would never be appropriate for diabetics who are not obese, and current federal guidelines restrict the surgery to obese people.
The diabetes benefits of weight-loss surgery were known, but the Australian study in Wednesday´s Journal of the American Medical Association is the first of its kind to compare diabetes in patients randomly assigned to surgery or standard care. Scientists consider randomized studies to yield the highest-quality evidence.
The study involved 55 patients, so experts will be looking for results of larger experiments under way.
"Few studies really qualify as being a landmark study. This one is," said Dr. Philip Schauer, who was not involved in the Australian research but leads a Cleveland Clinic study that is recruiting 150 obese people with diabetes to compare two types of surgery and standard medical care. "This opens an entirely new way of thinking about diabetes."
Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes, and researchers are furiously pursuing reasons for the link as rates for both climb. What´s known is that excess fat can cause the body´s normal response to insulin to go haywire. Researchers are investigating insulin-regulating hormones released by fat and the role of fatty acids in the blood.
In the Australian study, all the patients were obese and had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during the past two years. Their average age was 47. Half the patients underwent a type of surgery called laparoscopic gastric banding, where an adjustable silicone cuff is installed around the upper stomach, limiting how much a person can eat.
Both groups lost weight over two years; the surgery patients lost 46 pounds on average, while the standard-care patients lost an average of 3 pounds.
Blood tests showed diabetes remission in 22 of the 29 surgery patients after two years. In the standard-care group, only four of the 26 patients achieved that goal. The patients who lost the most weight were the most likely to eliminate their diabetes.
Both patient groups learned about low-fat, high-fiber diets and were encouraged to exercise. Both groups could meet with a health professional every six weeks for two years.
In the United States, surgeons perform more than 100,000 obesity surgeries each year.
The American Diabetes Association is interested in the findings. The group revises its recommendations each fall, taking new research into account.
"There is a growing body of evidence that bariatric surgery is an effective tool for managing diabetes," said Dr. John Buse of the University of North Carolina School of Medicine in Chapel Hill, the association´s president for medicine and science.
"It´s just a question of how effective is it, for what spectrum of patients, over what period of time and at what cost? Not all those questions have been answered yet."

16. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

ASurgical operation has some risks for patients.

BSurgical operation is preferred if its risks are smaller than drug side effects and the risks of diabetes itself.

CSurgical operation should be only considered for some obese patients.

DSurgical operation is applicable to patients with diabetes, whether they have obesity or not.

17. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

AStomach band surgery is more familiar to people in the United States.

BStomach stapling is more familiar to people in the United States.

CStomach stapling is more familiar to people in Australia.

DGastric bypass surgery is more familiar to people in Australia.

18. The new study is thought to yield high-quality evidence because （）.

Ait used random selection in terms of patients to receive surgery or standard medical care

Bit showed that reducing weight is beneficial to diabetes cases

Cit was elaborately planned and carefully conducted by researchers and surgeons

Dit has been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association

19. According to the passage, why obesity is dangerous for diabetes?

AExcess fat can regulate the body´s response to insulin growth.

BExcess fat can cause the body´s response to insulin to become irregular.

CFat will release a kind of hormone which will stimulate the growth of insulin.

DFatty acids in the blood are likely to increase the growth of insulin.

20. The American Diabetes Association thinks in the following terms EXCEPT that （）.

Athere are more and more evidences of the effectiveness of bariatric surgery for managing diabetes

Bthere are still questions concerning the surgical treatment of diabetes

Cit is not known exactly how effective the surgical operation is

Dthe surgical operation can soon be used in clinical treatment in hospitals

International Trade 国境贸易
Accounts of barter of goods or of services among different peoples can be traced back almost as far as the record of human history. International trade, however, is specifically an exchange between members of different nations, and (1) and explanations of such trade begin only with the (2) of the modern nation-state at the close of the European Middle Ages. As political thinkers and philosophers (3) to examine the nature and function of the nation, trade with other nations (4) a particular topic of their inquiry. It is, accordingly, no surprise to find (5) of the earliest attempts to describe the function of international trade within that (6) nationalistic body of thought now known as "mercantilism." Mercantilist analysis, which reached the (7) of its influence upon European thought in the 16th and 17th centuries, focused (8) upon the welfare of the nation. It insisted that the acquisition of wealth, (9) wealth in the form of gold, was of paramount importance for national policy. (10) took the virtues of gold almost as an article of faith; consequently, they (11) undertook to explain adequately why the pursuit of gold deserved such a high (12) in their economic plans.
The trade policy dictated by mercantilist philosophy was accordingly (13) : encourage exports, discourage imports, and take the proceeds of the resulting export surplus (14) gold. Because of their nationalistic bent, mercantilist theorists either brushed aside or else (15) not realize that, from an international viewpoint, this policy would necessarily prove self-defeating. (16) nation that successfully gains an export surplus must ordinarily do so at the (17) of one or more other nations that record a matching import surplus. Mercantilists´ (18) often were intellectually shallow, and indeed their trade policy may have been little (19) than a rationalization of the interests of a rising merchant class that wanted (20) markets-hence the emphasis on expanding exports—coupled with protection against competition in the form of imported goods. Yet mercantilist policies are by no means completely dead today.

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翻译三级笔译综合能力考试模拟题(一)

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